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Here are two simple animations illustrating how relays use one circuit to switch on a second circuit. When power flows through the first circuit (1), it activates the electromagnet (brown), generating a magnetic field (blue) that attracts a contact (red) and activates the second circuit (2). When the power is switched off, a spr…

Sensor and Transducer Definitions The words sensors and transducers are widely used in association with measurement systems. The sensor is an element that produces signals relating to the quantity that is being measured. According to Instrument Society of America, “a sensor is a device that provides usable output in respon…

Inductive Proximity SensorsInductive Proximity Sensors are low cost, solid state and non-contact based devices. They are basically used to detect metal objects which are both ferrous and non-ferrous in nature. The basic components of an inductive proximity sensor are a coil, an oscillator, a detection circuit and an output circu…

Rotary Encoder is an electromechanical device which converts angular motion to analog value or digital code. It is also called Shaft Encoder. Rotary encoders provide value as the shaft or axle of the encoder rotates. An output signal is produced that is proportional to the angle of the rotation. Based on the output signal, there…

What does the word encoder mean? The encoder is an electromechanical device that can measure displacement. Encoders are normally digital displacement transducers, consisting of a mechanical element and a sensing head, typically of optical type. The mechanical element can be a disc (for rotary type encoders) or a ruler (for linea…

How a solenoid valve is works? - Part 21. Direct-acting solenoid valve Working principleWhen the power is on, the solenoid coil generates the electromagnetic force to lift the closure member from the valve seat to open the valve. When the power is cut off, the electromagnetic force disappears and the spring presses the closure m…

General Properties of Elastomer Classes & Rubber Compounds: Very Good = 1 Good = 2 Average = 3 Poor = 4 Temperature in °F Basic Property NBR HNBR EPDM FKM CR ACM AEM SBR AU/EU VMQ FVMQ NR Economy of Material 1 4 2 3 2 3 4 1 3 3 4 1 Compression Set Resistance 1 1 1 1 2 4 2 2 3 2 2 1 Resilience (Rebound) 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 …

5. Slow the pump down to prime. AODD pumps are popular when self-priming is required. Creating a low-pressure zone—less than the atmospheric pressure of 14.7 psi—inside the fluid bowls is how the AODD pump draws fluid. If air pressure supplied to the pump is too high, the pump will change over too quickly and there w…

3. Inspect sealing surfaces for leakage. A wise maintenance technician once said, “There are two types of pumps—those that leak and those that are going to leak.” Leakage is a common problem in all pump types. A few simple fixes can ensure the fluid stays in an AODD pump. First, pumps, especially plastic pumps,…