Optical sensors convert light signals into electric signals. They are non-contact based sensors. It is similar to a photo resistor and measures the physical quantity and translates into a form that is readable by any appropriate instrument. Optical sensors can measure the following physical measurands: temperature, pressure, flow, liquid level, displacement, position, rotation, vibration, acceleration, force, velocity, strain, radiation, pH, magnetic field, electric field, acoustic field.
Generally, the system employing optical sensor, includes three subsystems: a light source, a measuring device and an optical sensor. This is connected to an electrical trigger which reacts to changes in the signals in light sensor.
The example of an Optical Position Sensors is Position Sensitive Detector (PSD). Position sensitive detectors detect position data of incident light. Position sensitive detectors can track very small position changes. Position sensitive detectors can provide a high speed response, high reliability and high position resolution.
Credit ;- https://www.electronicshub.org/position-sensors/